List of Taplejung's Non Timber Forest Products-NTFP
Conservation of Medicinal Herbs
for Sustainable Development

Nepali Name	:	Kutkee
Scientific Name	:	Picrorhiza scrophularaiiflora Pennel
Family	:	Scrophulariaceae
Distribution	:	It is an herbaceous plant found in alpine habitat of 3500-4800 m high altitude pasture land and open and steep slope.
Use	:	It is known for its root which is used for stomachache, tonic, appetizer, stimulant, epilepsy, leprosy and scabies in homeopathy medication. It is also used as anti-venom for rat and scorpion bites.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through stem (budding) and seeds. Seeds should be collected when it is mature. Whole parts of plant should not be collected. System of rotational collection within an interval of three years needs to be developed for sustainable harvesting.

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Nepali Name	:	Pakhanved
Scientific Name	:	Berginia ciliate Stern
Family	:	Saxifragaceae
Distribution	:	It is commonly known as Rockfoil. A perennial herb found along the Mahabharat hill ranging from 1600 to 3200 m high marsh and rocky land.
Use	:	Root serves multifold medicinal drugs in homeopathy. It is used for high fever, pulmonary affections, stomachache, orthopedic injury, diarrhea, and cough and also used as tonic.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated from both root and seeds. It is better to regenerate from its tuber so some portion of its tuber should be left while harvesting. Only matured plant should be harvested. However, haphazard collection is in practice due to its high demand in market which has threatening its protection.

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Nepali Name	:	Padamchal
Scientific Name	:	Rheum emodi Wall
Family	:	Polygonaceae
Distribution	:	It is an herb found in temperate to alpine Himalayas in between 3300 to 4500 m altitude preferably in marshy land.
Use	:	It serves for swelling, bone fracture/upset, asthma, constipation, diarrhea and anemia in homeopathy medicines.
Protection	:	The whole of this plant is used for medicine. It should be collected in the interval of 4-5 years after falling matured seeds in its base. Small portion of its tuber should be left for regeneration while harvesting. It would be better to develop rotational collection system for its sustainable use. Due to its rarity, it is essential to harvest in a sustainable way.

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Nepali Name	:	Launth sallo
Scientific Name	:	Taxus baccata L.
Family	:	Taxodiaceae
Distribution	:	It is a tall graceful tree distributed in between 2000 to 3500 m altitude of temperate Himalayas. It is a coniferous evergreen tree.
Use	:	Its wood serves multifold use. Tincture yielded from its tender foliage is used for headache, diarrhea, epilepsy, neurological, respiratory, giddiness and stomachic disorder in homeopathy medicines. Its tender foliage is also used for taxol extraction which is applicable to cure cancer.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through seed and stem cutting. Only foliage is useful for medicines so it should be collected carefully before cone develop so that other parts of tree e.g. twigs are not broken. Foliage should be collected only from matured tree. Due to high market value and demand, it is going to be endangered.

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Nepali Name	:	Panch Aunle
Scientific Name	:	Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don.) Soo
Family	:	Orchidaceae
Distribution	:	It is perennial herbs of temperate hill found in between 3000 to 3500 m altitude. Its root is divided into five fingers like parts and closely resembles with palm and finger so it is popularly known as Panchaunle in Nepali.
Use	:	Its root is edible and used for asthma, anemia, cuts, cough, stimulant and tonic in homeopathy.
Protection	:	Need to give attention while harvesting since its root is used for medicines. It can be regenerated through seed and tubers. Seeds should be collected after full maturity. Some portion of tuber should be left for its regeneration during collection. Due to collection of whole parts of tuber, it is under threat. Rotational system of collection in a certain interval is to be mandatory for its sustainable use and collection.

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Nepali Name	:	Satuwa
Scientific Name	:	Paris polyphylla Sm.
Family	:	Liliaceae
Distribution	:	It is a rhizomatous herb found in the mid to upper hills in between 2000 to 3300 m altitude of humus swampy land.
Use	:	Due its anthelminitc properties, its rhizome is used for nephrological, respiratory disorder, cough, worms, fever, poison inhalation. If it is used with hot water, it works as tonic.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through seeds and rhizome. Only matured species should be collected. Some plants should be left at their bed for its regeneration. Rotational collection system is required for its sustainable use and protection. It is in high demand in market. Hence, it can be cultivated in farmlands and can increase income.

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Nepali Name	:	Yartsa Gumba
Scientific Name	:	Cordyceps sinensis (berk.) Sacc.
Family	:	Hypocreaceae
Distribution	:	It is a strange but true case of a plant emerge from anterior parts of caterpillar, an animal in the form of insects found in the alpine pastureland of the snow covered Himalayas in between 3000 to 6000m altitude. It is a grey colored fungus which is about 4.5 cm tall.
Use	:	Plant form is used as tonic and taken orally with honey and cow milk. Its importance in homeopathy is for heart diseases, brain and stimulant.
Protection	:	It can be only be regenerated through seeds. It should be collected annually otherwise it is wastage. It should not be collected before its maturity to ensure its regeneration.

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Nepali Name	:	Chiraito
Scientific Name	:	Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex. Fleming) Karsten
Family	:	Gentianaceae
Distribution	:	It is an herbaceous plant distributed in the temperate Himalayas, in between 1200 to 3000 m along the humus southern slope.
Use	:	Dried plant yields famous drugs of multi-purpose use such as tonic, stomachache, febrifuge, asthma and laxative. It is equally used for fever coughs, worms. It is also used in liquor industries.
Protection	:	Whole parts of the plant are used as medicines. Being a biannual plant, it can be regenerated through seeds. So collection should be done after full mature of its seeds. Rotational collection system in a interval of 4-5 years is suitable for sustainable use.

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Nepali Name	:	Atis
Scientific Name	:	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex. Royale
Family	:	Ranunculaceae
Distribution	:	It is a perennial herb with tuberous roots found in between 3000 to 4500 m grasslands.
Use	:	It is highly poisonous due to aconitina. It is known for tonic as aphrodisiac and febrifuge.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through its tubers. So some parts of tuber should be left at its bed for its regeneration.

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Nepali Name	:	Amala
Scientific Name	:	Emblica officinalis Gaertn.
Family	:	Euphorbiaceae
Distribution	:	It is a small to medium sized (20-25 ft) deciduous tree growing wild or cultivated in warm temperate to tropical area. Fruits are of 1” diameter. Fruit is divided into 6 different folds.
Use	:	Its fruit is better known for its high nutritive and medicinal values. It is one of the richest sources of vitamin C. It is used in Chyawanpras, Triphala powder which is used for constipation.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through seeds. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be cultivated in nursery and farmland.

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Nepali Name	:	Alainchi
Scientific Name	:	Amomum aromaticum Roxb.
Family	:	Zingiberaceae
Distribution	:	It is a tuffed leafy plant cultivated under shady mountain forests in temperate region. It is of 2-3 feet tall and its leaf is 1-2 ft long and soft. Color of its petals is light yellow and bloom in a bunch. Fruit is 1 inch long oval in shape with rhizomes. Black colored seeds are layered inside the fruits.
Use	:	It is better known for its mature fruits with aromatic seeds lavishly used in confectionary, medicines and perfumes. It is also used for oral diseases, vomiting and appetizer. Powder of its seeds is used with hot water.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through seeds and need to leave ripen fruits while harvesting. Fruits should be collected after maturity. Few of them should be left during collection.

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Nepali Name	:	Aduwa
Scientific Name	:	Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Family	:	Zingiberaceae
Distribution	:	It is a leafy herbaceous biennial grown for aromatic products of rhizomatous stocks. Plant is just 2-4 ft tall. Rhizomes are of light yellow color. It is a cultivated plant.
Use	:	Rhizomes are better used for spices vegetables, cold drinks and medicines. Cough, asthma and appetizers are few diseases that cure by its use. Its suspension or powder is used with hot water of honey for good appetite.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through its tuber. It is sown in farmland.

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Nepali Name	:	Kaphal
Scientific Name	:	Myrica esculanta Buch-Ham.
Family	:	Myricaceae
Distribution	:	A small to medium sized ever-green tree found in temperate zone. Tree is 15-40 ft tall. Leaf is 3-6 inch long. Oval shape fruits get purple when it reaps.
Use	:	Fruit is edible and bark used as tan and source of yellow dye. Bark is used for various diseases e.g. headache, cough and cuts. It is also used for fish poisoning.
Protection	:	It is a wild plant which can be preserved through awareness building for its wise use.

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Nepali Name	:	Kurilo
Scientific Name	:	Asparagus recemosus wild.
Family	:	Liliaceae
Distribution	:	It is a spiny perennial herb cultivated for tender spring shoots or spears to make fresh or preserved vegetables of medicinal value. It blooms white flower small bunch with full of aroma. Fruits resemble peas with red color after full maturity. Rhizomes are of 2-6 inch long, grayish white with pointed tips.
Use	:	It is better known for its rhizomes and used for different diseases. Rhizome powder is used as tonic. Fresh tender shoots is known for protein deficiency.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through rhizome during monsoon. Few shoots should leave for its propagation.

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Nepali Name	:	Chari amilo
Scientific Name	:	Oxalis latifolia Humb.
Family	:	Oxalidaceae
Distribution	:	It is low growing soft herb which grows like weed from terai to mid hills. Tender foliage tastes sour. It is tri-folium and blooms yellow color from centre of foliage. Few species are of white, red and purple color flower. Fruits are rhizomatous bean shaped.
Use	:	Whole plant is used as pot herb for appetizing.
Protection	:	Being weed like herb, it is found every where and harvested as and when required. Market demand is not so high.

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Nepali Name	:	Chutro
Scientific Name	:	Berberis aristata DC.
Family	:	Berberidaceae
Distribution	:	It is a spiny shrub of height 6-18 ft found in lower Himalayas known for oval edible fruits. Leaves are 1-3 inch long, thick with thorn. Flowers are yellow colored and booms in a bunch. Roots and stem yield yellow dye.
Use	:	Extract of root bark is used for jaundice, typhoid etc. Suspension and powder is used for trachoma.
Protection	:	It is wild and grows from its seeds. Demand is not so high.

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Nepali Name	:	Chhativan
Scientific Name	:	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.
Family	:	Apocynaceae
Distribution	:	It is a medium to large evergreen tre having 40-50 ft height with thick bark. Found in lower hills to upper terai. It contains palmately whorled leaf of 5-10.
Use	:	Bark is powerful astringent and yield tonic which is of great medicinal value. It produces milky juicy which also has medicinal properties and is used for typhoid and maternity fever. Both suspension and powder is used.
Protection	:	It is wild and grows with its own in forest. Sustainable harvesting would be sufficient for its protection.

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Nepali Name	:	Jatamasi
Scientific Name	:	Nardostachys jatamansi DC.
Family	:	Valeriannaceae
Distribution	:	A rhizomatous herb found in cold temperate to alpine Himalayas. Root is aromatic. Flowers are purple or pink colored.
Use	:	It is better known for its rhizomes and use for epilepsy, hysteria, heart palpitation.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through rhizome.

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Nepali Name	:	Timur
Scientific Name	:	Xanthoxylum armatum DC.
Family	:	Rutaceae
Distribution	:	A spiny shrub or small tree of 15-20 ft high found in temperate Himalayas. Fruit emits aroma during autumn. Seed is black inside fruit.
Use	:	It serves as a popular source of spice and condiment. Foliage and fruits are used as insecticide and wormicide. Used for dentistry and bad mouth smell. Leaf is also used as tea.
Protection	:	It is grown in wild and also privately planted.

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Nepali Name	:	Titepati
Scientific Name	:	Artemisia vulgaris.
Family	:	Compositae
Distribution	:	An aromatic shrub of height 3-6 ft. found in mid-hills.
Use	:	It is better known for skin diseases, insecticidal, wormicidal and fertilizer. Leaf tea is useful for dewormig
Protection	:	It is found every where. Need to harvest annually.

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Nepali Name	:	Dhaturo
Scientific Name	:	Datura stramonium L.
Family	:	Solanaceae
Distribution	:	A herbaceous annual plant. It is grown for its flower, leaves and seeds. It contains narcotic and poisonous effect due to an alkaloid ‘Daturini’. It has a lot of twigs of height 3-5 ft.
Use	:	It is better known for its seeds and use for asthma, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, de-lice, respiratory diseases, child if urines in bed.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through seeds. It is illegal to commercially grow.

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Nepali Name	:	Barro
Scientific Name	:	Terminalia bellirica Roxb.
Family	:	Combretaceae
Distribution	:	It is a large deciduous tree 60-70 ft tall growing wild in warm hill and terai forests. Bark is dark grey. Leaves are of 3-5 inch long, oval dark green and light green front and back side respectively. Flowers bloom in tips. Fruits are less than 1 inch diameter, round shaped with thick rhizomes. Seed is in inside the fruits.
Use	:	Fruits are used in dying, tanning, and increasing potency of spirits. Kernel oil is used in soap making. Fruit and its pulp serve for dropsy, diarrhea and leprosy. Half ripe fruit is used as purgative. Fruits are also said to have antibiotic activities against harmful micro-organism. Wood pulp is used for paper making.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through its seed. It is not rear and endangered species despite its increasing market value.

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Nepali Name	:	Bojho
Scientific Name	:	Acorous calamus
Family	:	Araceae
Distribution	:	It is an aromatic perennial herb with long cylindrical leaf and rhizomatous root stock found in swampy land or lakes throughout tropics.
Use	:	Leaves and root stock is used for perfume, insecticides, flavoring liquors, snuffs. Rhizome is emetic, stomachic, nerve tonic and insectifuse in snake bite. It is also in common use for vocal.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through rhizome and its tuber. Need to leave small portion of tuber while harvesting. Better to harvest in rotational basis.

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Nepali Name	:	Majitho
Scientific Name	:	Rubia manjith Roxg.ex. Fleming.
Family	:	Rubiaceae
Distribution	:	It is a climbing spiny herb found in temperate hills. Leaves are heart shaped pointed tips. Flower is yellowish. Small round shaped fruits become black colored when it gets matured.
Use	:	Source of dye and used for wool and cotton dying. Root is used as tonics; alterative, and astringent, stem is sued as antidote in cobra and scorpion bite. Roots and fruits are used in paralyses, ulcers and skin diseases.
Protection	:	It can be regenerated through rhizome. Few shoots should leave for its propagation.

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Nepali Name	:	Simalko phool
Scientific Name	:	Salmalia malabarica Schott & Endl.
Family	:	Bombacaceae
Distribution	:	It is a giant sized deciduous tree having buttressed trunk of 20 m diameter with 125 ft tall. Horizontal branches, crimson red showy flowers and digitate leaves found throughout warm hills to sub-tropical terai.
Use	:	Flower is used for urinary track infection and over bleeding. Suspension is taken with cold water like squash.
Protection	:	It is wild and need to protect from illegal cutting as its trunk is used for plywood making and match-box and sticks.

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Nepali Name	:	Sisnu
Scientific Name	:	Urtica diocia L.
Family	:	Urticaceae
Distribution	:	It is a perennial lush growing herb. It has stringent hairs growing like weeds in warm hills. Oval shaped leaves with pointed tips spiny hairs.
Use	:	It is better known for its tender leaves and roots. Leaf is used for vegetables. Root is useful for anemia and urine infection.
Protection	:	It is wild and need not cultivate or grow due to its high abundances.

Taplejung Chamber of Commerce and Industries

ESTABLISHMENT: 2037 B.S. Chaitra 28, via Kanchenjunga Chamber of Commerce

Chairpersons' list:

1. Mr. Post Bahadur Karki (2037/12/28 - 2047/11/27)
2. Mr. Bijay Kumar Shrestha ((2049/11/27 - 2062/05/17)
3. Mr. Santosh Khatiwada (2062/05/17 till Present)

PARTNER AND DONOR AGENCIES:

SNV/Nepal, KCAP, IEDI/REAP, UNDP/TRPAP

VISION:
To consolidate solidarity in the business community of the district, construct private buildings and other infrastructures for the smooth functioning, and to provide other services necessary for the promotion of business.

MISSION:
To promote business by provision of necessary services through preservation of rights and interests, and through the solidarity of the business community.

SECTION OFFICE:
Taplejung Chamber of Commerce and Industries office is at Khamlung VDC, Ward No. 1, Dobhan Bazaar, Taplejung District

MEMBERS AT PRESENT: 600 members